Rhythm Definition and Examples in Speech and Prose

In phonetics, rhythm is the sense of movement in speech, marked by the stress, timing, and quantity of syllables. Adjective: rhythmic. In poetics, rhythm is the recurring alternation of strong and weak elements in the flow of sound and silence in sentences or lines of verse. Pronunciation:  RI-them Etymology From the Greek, flow Examples and Observations In music, the rhythm is usually produced by making certain notes in a sequence stand out from others by being louder or longer or higher...In speech, we find that syllables take the place of musical notes or beats, and in many languages the stressed syllables determine the rhythm...What does seem to be clear is that rhythm is useful to us in communicating: it helps us to find our way through the confusing stream of continuous speech, enabling us to divide speech into words or other units, to signal changes between topic or speaker, and to spot which items in the message are the most important.(Peter Roach, Phonetics. Oxford University Press, 2001) Recognizing Rhythmic Defects ​The writer is not advised to try consciously for special rhythmic effects. He ought, however, to learn to recognize rhythmic defects in his own prose as symptoms of poor or defective arrangement of sentences and sentence elements...The following sentence will illustrate: Oriental luxury goods—jade, silk, gold, spices, vermillion, jewels—had formerly come overland by way of the Caspian Sea; and a few daring sea captains, now that this route had been cut by the Huns, catching the trade winds, were sailing from Red Sea ports and loading up at Ceylon. The sentence is passable and is perhaps not noticeably unrhythmical. But if we read this sentence in the form in which Robert Graves actually wrote it, we shall find that it is not only clearer, it is much more rhythmical and much easier to read: Oriental luxury goods—jade, silk, gold, spices, vermillion, jewels—had formerly come overland by way of the Caspian Sea, and now that this route had been cut by the Huns, a few daring Greek sea captains were sailing from Red Sea ports, catching the trade winds and loading up at Ceylon. (Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren, Modern Rhetoric, 3rd ed. Harcourt, 1972) Rhythm and Parallelism Parallelism builds rhythm, and nonparallelism kills it. Imagine that Marc Antony had said: I came for the purpose of burying Caesar, not to praise him. Doesnt exactly roll off the tongue.Inattentive writers muck up lists badly, throwing imbalanced cadences together and leaving their sentences scrambling. The elements of a list should echo each other in length, number of syllables, and rhythm. A government of the people, by the people, for the people works. A government of the people, that the people created, for the people doesnt.(Constance Hale, Sin and Syntax: How to Craft Wickedly Effective Prose. Broadway, 1999) Rhythm and Meter Meter is what results when the natural rhythmical movements of colloquial speech are heightened, organized, and regulated so that pattern—which means repetition—emerges from the relative phonetic haphazard of ordinary utterance. Because it inhabits the physical form of the words themselves, meter is the most fundamental technique of order available to the poet.(Paul Fussell, Poetic Meter and Poetic Form, rev. ed. Random House, 1979) Rhythm and Syllables ​Pitch, loudness, and tempo combine to make up a languages expression of rhythm. Languages vary greatly in the way in which they make rhythmical contrasts. English uses stressed syllables produced at roughly regular intervals of time (in fluent speech) and separated by unstressed syllables—a stress-timed  rhythm which we can tap out in a tum-te-tum way, as in a traditional line of poetry: The curfew tolls the knell of parting day. In French, the syllables are produced in a steady flow, resulting in a machine-gun effect—a syllable-timed rhythm which is more like a rat-a-tat-a-tat. In Latin, it was the length of a syllable (whether long or short) which provided the basis of rhythm. In many oriental languages, it is pitch height (high vs. low).(David Crystal, How Language Works. Overlook, 2005) Virginia Woolf on Style and Rhythm ​Style is a very simple matter; it is all rhythm. Once you get that, you cant use the wrong words. But on the other hand here am I sitting after half the morning, crammed with ideas, and visions, and so on, and cant dislodge them, for lack of the right rhythm. Now, this is very profound, what rhythm is, and goes far deeper than any words. A sight, an emotion, creates this wave in the mind, long before it makes words to fit it; and in writing...one has to recapture this  and set this working (which has nothing apparently to do with words) and then, as it breaks and tumbles in the mind, it makes words to fit in.(Virginia Woolf, letter to Vita Sackville-West, September 8, 1928)

Julian Assange Hero or Terrorist Free Essays

Attention Getter: George Orwell once said,† Political Language is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind. † 2. Bond: Link to Audience: It’s easy to take our 1st amendment rights for granted but imagine if we didn’t have them anymore. We will write a custom essay sample on Julian Assange: Hero or Terrorist or any similar topic only for you Order Now Can you imagine living in an America where it’s considered treason to say what you think and to tell the world what you know? Well, that is what the current battle between our government and Julian Assange is about. . †Credentials† of speaker: I have been following the developing story of Julian Assange for the last 3 years. So, it’s fair to say that I know a little bit about him. 4. Thesis: My research leads me to believe that Julian Assange should be afforded the same rights as every other journalist. 5. Speech Preview: First, I’m going to talk about the global smear campaign against Julian Assange. After that, I’m going to talk about the violations that the U. S. is posing to his human rights. Finally, I am going to talk about what America is going to look like if we don’t have our rights anymore. 6. Transition: But let’s start with the smears that have been dealt to Julian Assange. II. Body 1. Main Point #1: a. State Point 1: A global smear campaign is going on right this moment against Julian Assange. b. Argument: Some are saying that he is a woman raping terrorist. c. Proof: In an article by BBC News, Julian Assange said he believes that currently there is a global smear campaign to make him look disreputable and crazy. I read in an eBook called, Assange Agonistes that Nick Davies, a journalist for the New York Times, said that America’s preferred method of control is through Media management. He also said that the American government is,† the biggest media manipulation machine in the history of mankind. † I think that this is absolutely true because this isn’t the first time the U. S. government has used smear tactics against someone who stood up against them. I discovered 2 other incidents where our government and a major bank had smeared someone’s name through the use of exual misconduct charges; the first being Scott Ritter. I watched a video on YouTube by The Young Turks, where they were discussing the allegations that were brought up against Julian Assange. In the video they were talking about how Scott Ritter, a decorated war veteran, who spoke out against the war in Iraq and said that there were no weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. Soon after Ritter made t hat statement, alleged sex charges were brought up against him to make him look like a dirty old rapist who would do anything to make our government look bad. The second case I also discovered was about Elliot Spitzer, who accused the banks of insider trading. Suddenly the North Fork Bank reported to the IRS that Spitzer was using funds to pay for a hooker and sex charges were brought up against him. Due to the media scandal he resigned from his position as Governor of New York because it painted a negative reflection on our government. d. Give an Example: In an article that I read on Wired. com it talks about a woman that has accused Julian Assange of raping her. In the article it describes the process by which this woman describes her â€Å"incident† with Assange. Ms. Anna Ardin said that he pinned her down to the bed when she reached for a condom, but then he consented and put a condom on. According to Ms. Ardin she feels she was raped because the condom broke at some point in time during the act. While I was investigating I found out that she had posted to her blog the â€Å"7 steps to get legal revenge. † I personally don’t find her story very credible after reading a translation of her blog. Ms. Ardin is known in Sweden for her feministic views  on how men achieve social dominance through sex. The government was anxious to pounce on her accusations of rape even though she is a known feminist with a history of reporting baseless rape. I do not find this a coincidence that a few days before the rape accusation Mr. Assange had released an embarrassing video of US soldiers gunning down no less than a dozen unarmed civilians in Iraq, while they were talking about it like it was a game of Call of Duty. Julian believes it was not a coincidence that after he embarrassed the U. S. by leaking this video, he was then accused of a crime that would have him extradited back to Sweden and then to the U. S. for further punishment. This was before they discovered there was nothing that the US government could charge him with and it was a violation of his human rights to send him to Sweden where he hadn’t been charged for the alleged crime. To date Julian has never been charged with the rape of this woman and has been confined to house arrest for more than 500 days without any charge against him. e. Restate the point: There is a global smear campaign set against Julian Assange because he is the face of WikiLeaks. g. Transition Sentence: Next, let’s talk about the violation to his rights. 2. Main Point #2: Solutions to those problems . State Point 2: The U. S. government is violating Julian Assange’s human rights. b. Argument: In an article by The Atlantic quoted Hillary Clinton saying that Julian Assange was attacking their international community. c. Refutation: Julian Assange is a journalist and is protected by the U. N. ’s Declaration of Human Rights under article 19. Under article 19 it says: Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. . Give an Example: In 1968 when we were in the thick of the Vietnam War there was a man named Daniel Ellsberg that was courageous and released classified Pentagon documents to the New York Times. On History. com and from my uncle, who was a journalist in the Vietnam War, I learned that that the war ended earlier as a result of a public outcry, where 75% of the American population protested the war. Daniel Ellsberg also helped end the war by releasing classified document s that exposed the lies that made us go to war in the first place which forced President Reagan to withdraw from Vietnam. If we stand together and say that we need to stop unjustly blaming Julian Assange for promoting a more transparent government and take a look at what it is that we are unknowingly promoting. Julian Assange believes that we have the right to know about the lies and secret dealings going on by our government. It is our right to know what they are saying and doing behind closed doors. Yes, there are instances where our government needs to have secrets, but that doesn’t mean that they can to lie to us about the general majority of secret dealings that are going on. If Julian Assange is attacking our International Community then maybe it needs to be attacked because what is going on right now and all the lies that we are being told need to be known. We need to see just what is going on. We need to know why the rest of the world hates us so much. e. Restate the Point: Julian Assange’s human rights are being violated and we need to do something about it. 3. Main Point #3: Visualization a. State Point 3: Imagine an America where it becomes treason to say what you think and to tell others about it. b. Argument: Our government would say that there is a need to be censored in order to keep us safe. c. Refutation: Our 1st Amendment rights are going to disappear if we don’t halt this violation right now. Pretty soon we’re going to be trapped in a world where we don’t have our most basic of rights. Imagine a world populated with militarized police and being under lock down in an authoritarian dictatorship where we no longer have any rights or freedom. How many of you believe that the governments placing cameras on the roads and on top of buildings are really about watching traffic? I believe that it is really about watching the people. So, it’s already begun. d. Give an Example: We need to stand together and we need to tell our friends and loved ones. Spread the word tell people about what’s going on! Everyone needs to know that our rights are at risk right now! e. Restate the point: America is going to change dramatically if Julian Assange is arrested for being a journalist. f. Transition: Let’s summarize what I have been talking to you about today. III. Conclusion 1. Restate thesis: Julian Assange should be afforded the same rights as every other Journalist. 2. Restate main points: Julian Assange is being attacked by so many companies and governments. His rights are being violated and it’s going to change America if our government succeeds in arresting Julian Assange. 3. Call- to-Action: Protest! Say what you think! We need to challenge our government and show them that they are wrong because if we don’t America, the so-called land of the free, is soon to be the Soviet America. How to cite Julian Assange: Hero or Terrorist, Papers

Significance of Big Data Literature Review Paper

Question: Discuss about the Significance of Big Datafor Literature Review Paper. Answer: Introduction A world without data storage is imaginable. Such a world means that the details of the organization or a person, every detail of a storable document, or every performed transaction is lost directly after its use(Nada Elgendy, 2014). Firms would therefore lose the ability to conduct a detailed analysis, access valuable knowledge and information, as well as providing new advantages and opportunities. Any information has become very crucial for the day-to-day operations. For any organization to thrive, they have to use data as the building block. With an increase in technological advancement especially the internet, there is a huge surge of information and data. Enormous amount of data is easily available with the increase of data collection methodology and storage capabilities(Nada Elgendy, 2014). Every minute, there a lot of data that is being created. For this data to make any sense, it should be stored and analyzed. This study analyzes the available literature on the significance of big data. Big Data Analytics The term big data is used to refer to the large database that cannot be stored and analyzed by the traditional methods of data management(Tulasi, 2013). The size of the big data is so huge that the commonly used storage system and software tools are incapable of capturing, storing, managing, as well as processing all the data within the required time. Currently the sizes of big data are increasing continuously to many petabytes from a few terabyte dozens in one data set. visualizing, searching, capturing, analytics, and storing are some of the challenges related to big data(Wagner, 2014). Organizations are exploring huge volumes of detailed data so as to extract information that they are do not understand. Therefore, big data analytics involves application of analytic techniques that are highly advanced on sets of big data. Large data sample analytics reveals and influence change in businesses. Nonetheless, it becomes more difficult to manage larger data sets. Decision Making and Big Data Analytics From the perspective of a decision maker, the importance of big data is in its potential to give valuable information and knowledge on which decisions can be based(Partners, 2012). Throughout the years, the topic and significance of the process of managerial decision making has been covered thoroughly in different researches. Organizations benefit significantly from the highly detailed big data from varied sources such as loyalty cards, social network, scanners, mobile phones, and websites. However, this can only be achieved if the data is analyzed properly to reveal insights that are of value, which can be capitalized by the decision makers to access the opportunities presented from the wealth of real-time and historic data created through customer behaviors, processes of production, and supply chains. Moreover, companies are currently used to examining internal data. Some of the internal data include inventory, shipments, and sales(Elena Geanina, 2012). Nonetheless, there has been a rise in the need for external data analysis. Some of the external data required by the different organizations include supply chains and customer markets. The application of big data can provide knowledge and cumulated value. With the increasing types and sizes of data that is unstructured, it has become essential to base on meaningful data inferences to make more informed decisions. Similarly, (Nada Elgendy, 2014)developed a framework known as B-DAD which maps techniques and tools of big data into the process of decision making. The intention of those frameworks is the enhancement of the process of decision making in respect to dealing with huge data. Intelligence phase is the first phase of the process of decision making. At this phase data is collected from both external and internal sources to be used in the identification of opportunities and problems. First, there should be an identification of data sources(Rasmus Wegener, 2013). The data identified should be collected from different sources, analyzed, and stored before being migrated to the final user. The acquired data is stored in the big data management systems(Magnusson, 2012). After the storage, the data is processed after it has been organized and prepared. This is accomplished using huge data processing tools or by a high-speed network such as ELT. The process of decision making which is the phase of designing is the next phase. At this phase, there is development and analysis through conceptualization of all possible actions. This phase is divided into three steps by the B-DAD framework. The three steps are data analytics, analyzing, and model planning. At this stage, different data analytics' models are selected, planned, applied, and analyzed(Nada Elgendy, 2014). Consequently, the process of decision making is followed by the choice phase. At this phase, various methods are applied to evaluate the effects of the suggested course of actions or solutions from the design step. Implementation phase is the last stage of the process of decision making. At this stage, the previous phase suggested solutions are implemented. Different companies across various sectors are becoming interested in how to analyze and manage big data, as its amount continues to grow exponentially(Jacquiline, 2012). At such, they are making efforts to get the best insights presented by the big data opportunities. These organizations are implementing the big data analytics in order to make faster and better decisions that will result in economic gains(Sudhakar, 2015). At such, they are adopting big data analytics so as to analyze the big amount of data quicker, and expose the customer intelligence, sentiments, and patterns that were unseen previously. This section will analyze different proposed and implemented applications of big data, and how they can help businesses across various industries to enhance decision making and gain valuable insights. Big data helps organizations to enhance the existing new services and products, design new ones, and invent completely new business model. These benefits are gained when the entities apply big data analytics in different business areas such as performance, fraud detection, customer intelligence, quality and risk management, and supply chain intelligence. (Nicholas Graves, 2011)lists the main sectors that can gain from the big data analytics. Examples of those sectors include healthcare, banking, central government, manufacturing, retail, and telecom industries. Customer Intelligence Big data analytics possess huge customer intelligence ability. It is important to industries like telecommunications, banking and retail. Big data creates openness and makes important data accessible to shareholders in time. Also, it offers companies the ability to segment and profile its clients according to various socioeconomic characteristics and increases the customer retention and satisfaction levels(Peersman, 2014). The analysis of Big data allows customers to come up with marketing decisions that are in line with their preferences as well as recognize marketing and sales opportunities. Additionally, social media application can be used in informing the organizations about their customers preference. Through, the analysis of sentiment on big data, companies can be notified if their clients are turning or shifting to other products and enabling the company to take necessary actions. By using Social Network Analysis to examine customer sentiments concerning brands and identification of influential person, organizations can be able to carry out direct marketing and react according to the emerging trends(Lieberman, 2014). Big data analytics also enables the formulation of customer behavior models and purchasing patterns hence, raising revenues. They also benefit companies through the creation of better market targets, prediction and definition of market sentiments as well as the analysis and understanding of market mix and various customer behaviors. Supply Chain and Performance Management Big data analytics can be used in supply chain management to forecast changes in demand, and match their supply appropriately. This is of high significance for transport retail, logistic, and manufacturing industries(Dupre, 2013). Through the analysis of geospatial data on deliveries and stock utilization, companies make decision making automatic, which will reduce process interruption, lead times, and minimize delays and costs. In addition, by basing on price or quality competitiveness of suppliers, the decisions on changing them can be easily taken by monitoring and analyzing their performance. Also, alternative pricing situations can be made automatic, which will facilitate an increase in profit margins and inventories reduction. Furthermore, big data can lead to better forecasting and planning by identifying the root causes of costs. Big data is also very can be of high significance in the management of performance. The healthcare and governmental sectors can benefit easily from this performance management. With the increasing need to improve staff performance a and productivity information can be forecasted and monitored by applying tools used for predictive analysis(Nada Elgendy, 2014). This enables different departments to increase efficiency by link their user outcome or service with the strategic objectives. In addition, with the easily accessible performance information and big data, the organizational managers can adopt the application of dashboards, balanced score cards and predictive tools within their organization which can facilitate transparency improvement, performance monitoring, setting objectives and planning, and functions of management, Improvement of Quality Management Big data can be applied in managing quality especially in industries such as telecommunication, utilities and energy, and manufacturing. The big data is used in these industries to reduce costs and increase profitability by improving the quality of the offered products(Lieberman, 2014). For instance, in the process of manufacturing, performance variability can be reduced by applying predictive analysis on big data. This can also help to provide early warning alerts which in turn prevent issues of quality. Through the identification of production disruptions before they happen, the organizations can be able to reduce the time to market and decrease scrap rates by saving on the expenditure. Furthermore, big data can result in lead improvement of manufacturing. Also, the monitoring of machine logs and analysis of real time data can help the managers deliver quality management by making quicker decisions. The big data analytics also can sanction the monitoring of network demand in real t ime, in supplementing the bandwidth forecasting in customer behavior response. Moreover, the information technology (IT) systems in healthcare can improve the quality and efficiency of care by integrating and communicating the data for the patient across all institutions and departments, while protecting the patients privacy(Karthik Kambatlaa, 2014). The individuals continuity care can be improved by analyzing the health record, as well as massive database creation which through it outcomes and treatment can be compared and predicted. Hence, with the advancements in analytical tools and the increasing application of electronic health records, there is an opportunity to extract the information of the patient and use that information to assess the healthcare quality, health services, and disease control and management. The citizens quality of lives can be improved by using big data. For instance, in healthcare sector, hospitals and homes can use sensors to provide patient monitoring that is continuous and use the streamed data to perform real-time analysis(Elena Geanina, 2012). The information obtained can be used to alert care givers if there is detection of any health anomalies so that the necessary interventions can be made. The analysis of adherence of the patients to their prescription can be done remotely so as to improve the treatment and drug options. Transportation can be improved and transformed by analyzing information from distributed sensors on vehicles, road, and handheld devices. The sensors provide real-time information on the traffic situations. By having real-time traffic information, the drivers can operate with less disruption safely and also traffic jam can be controlled by predicting it before it occurs(Nada Elgendy, 2014). How the roadways are used can be transformed by having intelligent connected vehicles with the new traffic ecosystem. Also, the use of big data can base in the real-time information to provide smart routing that use personal location data. Such applications can automatically solicit assistance when there is detection of trouble by the sensors, and inform the road users if there is any congestion, scheduled road-work, or accident in real time. Big data can also be used for understanding of frequency, location, and climate and weather intensity changes. This can be of much benefit to businesses and individuals who depend on weather, such transportation, tourism, and agricultural sectors(Nada Elgendy, 2014). Additionally, there is the new development of analytical techniques and sensors which can be used to forecast weather and climate changes. This can help to predict natural disasters that are related to weather and adopt preventive measures before they occur. Conclusion In the era of information, decision makers easily access huge amount of data. Big data refers to the huge information that is high in velocity and variety, hence making it difficult to handle using conventional techniques. Currently the sizes of big data are increasing continuously to many petabytes from a few terabyte dozens in one data set. visualizing, searching, capturing, analytics, and storing are some of the challenges related to big data. From the perspective of a decision maker, the importance of big data is in its potential to give valuable information and knowledge on which decisions can be based. With the increasing types and sizes of data that is unstructured, it has become essential to base on meaningful data inferences to make more informed decisions. Big data helps organizations to enhance the existing new services and products, design new ones, and invent completely new business model. These benefits are gained when the entities apply big data analytics in different business areas such as performance, fraud detection, customer intelligence, quality and risk management, and supply chain intelligence. References Dupre, 2013. Big Data Analytics For Supply Chains. [Online] Available at: https://www.duprelogistics.com/in-the-news/big-data-analytics-for-supply-chains [Accessed 18 4 2017]. Elena Geanina, 2012. Perspectives on Big Data and Big Data Analytics. Database Systems Journal, 3(4), pp. 3-10. Jacquiline, B., 2012. Analytics in Higher Education, Louisville: s.n. Karthik Kambatlaa, ,. ,. G. K. ,. V. K. ,. A. G., 2014. Trends in big data analytics. ournal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 74(7), p. 25612573. Lieberman, M., 2014. Visualizing Big Data: Social Network Analysis. Texas, Multivariate Solutions. Magnusson, J., 2012. ocial Network Analysis Utilizing Big Data Technology , s.l.: s.n. Nada Elgendy, A. E., 2014. Big Data Analytic: Literature Review Paper. Research Gate, pp. 2015-2023. Nicholas Graves, A. G. B. K. H. C. C. B. C., 2011. The Importance of Good Data, Analysis, and Interpretation for Showing the Economics of Reducing Healthcare-Associated Infection. Chicago Journal, 32(9), pp. 927-932. Partners, N., 2012. Why is BIG Data Important?, s.l.: s.n. Peersman, G., 2014. Overview: Data Collection and Analysis Methods in Impact Evaluation, s.l.: s.n. Rasmus Wegener, V. S., 2013. The value of Big Data: How analytics Differentiates Winners, Atlanta: s.n. Sudhakar, K., 2015. Data analytics the changing use of Data Within Internal Audit, s.l.: s.n. Tulasi, B., 2013. Significance of Big Data and Analytics in Higher Education. International Journal of Computer Applications, 68(4), pp. 21-23. Wagner, D., 2014. The importance of big data analytics in business. [Online] Available at: https://www.techradar.com/news/world-of-tech/the-importance-of-big-data-analytics-in-business-1267606 [Accessed 2017].